My Experience: The Bachelor's Degree
The Bachelor's degree in Physics and Chemistry at UPPA Anglet was a true revelation. Unlike the frantic pace of preparatory classes, the university world offered me the precious luxury of time—time to deepen concepts, immerse myself in theory, and build a solid, thoughtful scientific mindset.
Key Takeaways:
Scientific Openness and Depth:
These years allowed me to approach Science with a fresh perspective. I took the time to deeply integrate concepts, sometimes reaching an almost philosophical dimension in understanding the laws that govern Nature.
Technical Interests:
I discovered a passion for complex fields: from fluid mechanics to quantum physics, as well as particle physics. These disciplines fueled my curiosity and structured my vision of the macrocosm.
Autonomy and Personal Growth:
The university system perfectly suited my way of learning. I developed research autonomy and intellectual rigor, which allowed me to channel my curiosity into true academic expertise.
The Outcome:
This dedication resulted in strong academic performance, reinforcing the idea that my place was in the study and understanding of natural phenomena. Armed with this background, both technical and reflective, I approached subsequent projects with renewed maturity and greater confidence.
Academic Background
2021 - 2022 | Bachelor's Degree 1 - Semester 1
Geometrical Optics
🌐 View official syllabus- Introduction - General concepts of light.
- Definitions and principles of geometrical optics.
- Vision of images - Approximations in geometrical optics.
- Simple flat-faced optical elements.
- Simple spherical-faced optical elements.
- Thin lenses.
- The eye and optical instruments.
Classical Mechanics of Particle Systems
🌐 View official syllabus
Kinematics
- General concepts – Velocity – Acceleration.
- Changes of reference frames.
Dynamics
- Introduction to classical mechanics. Fundamental relation of dynamics (Newton's second law).
- Applications of the fundamental relation of dynamics.
- Work and Power.
- Angular momentum theorem.
Experimental Physics and Chemistry 1
🌐 View official syllabus- Uncertainties in physical measurements.
- Geometrical Optics.
- Classical mechanics of particle systems.
- Structure of matter.
- Organic chemistry.
Mathematics 1 for Physics and Chemistry
🌐 View official syllabus- Complex numbers.
- Standard functions.
- Integration techniques.
- Differential equations.
Digital Skills
🌐 View official syllabus- Word processing (Word).
- Data analysis (Excel).
- PIX Certification.
Structure of Matter
🌐 View official syllabus- The atom.
- Periodic table.
- Molecules and polyatomic entities.
- Intermolecular interactions – Properties of matter - Solvents.
Solution Chemistry 1
🌐 View official syllabus- The solvent H2O.
- Mastering basic equilibria in solution chemistry and analytical chemistry.
- Acid-base equilibria (acid-base reactions; pH calculations; titrations).
- Predicting acid-base reactions in aqueous solutions.
- Knowing how to calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at equilibrium.
- Understanding and interpreting an acid-base titration.
Organic Chemistry 1
🌐 View official syllabus- Nomenclature of organic compounds.
- Writing a molecule's formula from its name and vice versa.
- Spatial representation of molecules and its importance in reactivity.
- Recognizing major functional groups in organic chemistry.
- Representing molecules in space and analyzing differences fundamental to the chemistry of life.
Ecology, Evolution, and Environment for Physics and Chemistry
🌐 View official syllabus- Biological systems at different scales.
- Actors within an ecosystem.
- Interactions within ecosystems.
- Complexity of interactions within ecosystems.
Scientific Communication and Outreach
🌐 View official syllabus
2021 - 2022 | Bachelor's Degree 1 - Semester 2
Physical Thermodynamics 1
🌐 View official syllabus- Mathematical elements for thermodynamics (differential and integral calculus).
- Fluid pressure.
- Thermodynamic quantities and definitions.
- First law of thermodynamics.
- Second law of thermodynamics.
- Heat engines.
Signals and Circuits
🌐 View official syllabus
Two-terminal Components and Signals – General Theorems
- Linear passive components (resistors, capacitors, inductors).
- Component combinations.
- Electrical generators: Ideal voltage and current sources, real voltage and current generators, generator combinations.
- Signals delivered by periodic generators (frequency, phase shift, average value, peak value, RMS value).
Linear Circuits in Sinusoidal AC Steady State
- Associated complex voltage and current.
- Complex impedances and admittances, and impedance combinations.
- Fresnel phasors representation.
- Study of a resonant circuit (overvoltage, quality factor, bandwidth) and anti-resonant circuit.
- Expressions of various powers.
Frequency Response, Filters, and Resonance
- Frequency response and transfer function.
- Passive filters, high-pass and low-pass networks.
Laboratory Classes (Practical Work)
- Voltage and current measurements.
- Fundamental circuit theorems.
- Study of an RLC circuit.
Mathematics 2
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Single-variable polynomials.
- Matrix calculus.
- The Rn vector space and change of basis.
- Matrix reduction and applications.
Foundations of Programming 1
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Data structures: simple and structured variables.
- Control structures: sequence, alternatives, and loops.
- Subprograms: procedures and functions.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chemical Systems
🌐 View Official Syllabus
First Law of Thermodynamics Applied to Chemical Systems
- Isobaric or isochoric reactors, isothermal or adiabatic reactors.
- Quantity of heat involved during isochoric or isobaric evolution (thermal transfers). (Models mentioned to establish links with the physics course).
- Relationship between Reaction Energy and Reaction Enthalpy.
Standard Molar Quantities of Reaction
- Standard states of a pure constituent: ideal gas and condensed state; standard molar quantities (ΔrU0, ΔrH0, ΔrCp0).
- Closed system undergoing a physico-chemical transformation.
- Sign of ΔrH0: definition of endothermic, exothermic, (or athermic) reactions.
Thermal Effects in Isobaric Reactors
- Thermal transfer in an isothermal isobaric reactor (relation ΔH = Qp = x.ΔrH0, for a set of ideal gases and/or pure substances).
- Temperature variation in an adiabatic isobaric reactor (enthalpy balance and heating of the reactor undergoing an exothermic reaction).
Determination of Thermodynamic Quantities Applied to the Study of Chemical Systems
- Determining a reaction enthalpy using enthalpies of formation (Hess's Law) and through a thermodynamic cycle.
- Knowing how to use thermodynamic tables.
- Definition of different standard enthalpies (combustion, phase change, bond, lattice, electron attachment, ionization).
- Determining a reaction enthalpy or energy at a given temperature (Kirchhoff's Law).
- Determining adiabatic flame or explosion temperatures.
Study of Kinetics from a Macroscopic Perspective
- Definition of the rate of a chemical reaction and the reaction order (when it exists).
- Study of simple orders: 0, 1, 2...
- Exploitation of experimental results: integral method and differential method.
- Various experimental methods to monitor reaction rates.
Organic Chemistry 1bis
🌐 View Official Syllabus- What triggers chemical reactions: electronic effects, reactivity.
- A few fundamental mechanisms: nucleophilic substitution and elimination.
- A few reactions of alcohols and their application in synthesis.
Solution Chemistry 1bis
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Oxidation-reduction equilibria (redox reactions; electrochemical cells; titrations).
- Introduction to Potential–pH diagrams.
Vibrational Phenomena and Shocks
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Vibrational Phenomena: Linear Oscillators
- Harmonic Oscillator.
- Concept of the harmonic oscillator.
- Description of movement; energetic aspect.
- Movement of a point around an equilibrium position.
- Oscillations damped by fluid friction and forced oscillations.
Shocks of Two Particles
- Conservation laws.
- One-dimensional shocks; elastic shocks and completely inelastic (soft) shocks.
- General problem of the elastic shock of two particles.
Environmental Sciences
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Basic concepts in environment (compartments, main pollutants, sources, cycles).
- Physico-chemical properties of pollutants (solubility, vapor pressure, Henry's law constant, Kow, Ka).
- Reactivity of pollutants in the environment (transport, dispersion, persistence, transformation, decomposition, bioaccumulation, toxicity).
- Flux calculation (water, matter, contaminant) between different compartments (sediment, soil, water, atmosphere...).
- Environmental observation, sampling, and experimentation strategies.
2022 - 2023 | Bachelor's Degree 2 - Semester 3
Solution Chemistry 2
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Complexation equilibria; complexometric titrations.
- Precipitation–dissolution equilibria; precipitation titrations.
- Potential–pH diagrams (Pourbaix E-pH diagrams).
- Application to uniform corrosion studies – corrosion, passivation, or immunity domains.
- Zero-current potentiometry.
Analysis: UV-IR Spectroscopy; NMR
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Introduction to atomic and molecular spectroscopies.
- Quantitative analyses by absorption spectroscopy.
- Infra-Red Spectroscopy: study of harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, applications to structural studies and association phenomena.
- UV-Visible Spectroscopy: different types of electronic transitions, applications.
- Proton NMR Spectroscopy (1H NMR): principle and applications to structural studies, spectrum analysis with first-order coupling.
Crystallography 1
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Vocabulary and definitions related to organized solid structures.
- Description of 3 common fundamental structures: BCC, FCC, and HCP.
- Analysis of interactions within crystals.
Thermal Thermodynamics 2
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Review of the Laws of Thermodynamics Applied to Ideal Gases
Thermodynamic Potentials
- Application to bivariant and trivariant systems: fuel cell, piezoelectric plate, hydroelectric cell, surface tension, demagnetization of a salt, tension and torsion of a bar, capacitor immersed in a dielectric.
- Application to systems with variable mole numbers (chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem equation...).
Equilibrium of a Pure Substance under Multiple Phases
- Phase changes.
- Phase diagrams of a pure substance.
- Description of equilibrium between phases (latent heat, transition delays...).
- Vaporization under vacuum and under atmospheric pressure.
Real Gases
- Behavior of a real gas.
- Knowing how to use thermodynamic tables.
- Equations of state (cubic equations of state, virial expansions).
- Application to Joule-Gay-Lussac and Joule-Thomson expansions.
Thermal Condensable Vapor Machines
- Principles.
- Study of simple orders: 0, 1, 2...
- Applications: thermal power plants, refrigeration machines and cooling circuits, heat pumps.
Wave Physics
🌐 View Official Syllabus
General Overview of Vibrations
- Sinusoidal vibrations (definitions and characteristics, Fresnel representation, complex notation, energy).
- Addition of vibrations (2/N isochronous sinusoidal scalar vibrations, 2 isochronous sinusoidal vector vibrations).
- Synthesis of periodic signals.
General Overview of Waves
- Types of waves.
- Concept of wave function.
- Propagation equation.
- Sinusoidal waves.
- Harmonic plane waves.
- Harmonic spherical waves.
- Superposition principle.
- Non-harmonic waves.
- Standing waves.
Experimental Physics and Chemistry 3
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Data Analysis
- Graphical representations.
- Data adjustment using the least squares method.
Experimental Physics
- Calorimetric measurements (phase changes).
- Study of a cooling cycle.
- Magnetic fields created by electric currents.
- Wave propagation and interference.
Experimental Solution Chemistry
- Introduction to oenological chemistry.
- Acid-base and oxidation-reduction titrations.
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of natural waters (Two sessions introducing complexometric and precipitation titrations).
- Potentiometry: Experimental plotting of a Potential-pH diagram.
- Final session in complete autonomy for execution and interpretation (Dissolved oxygen titration in tap water using the Winkler method).
Chemical Analysis: UV, Visible and IR Spectrophotometry
- Copper titration in a brass alloy by UV-visible spectrophotometry (comparison with an older method: gravimetry).
- Separation of dyes from a mint alcoholic beverage by column chromatography followed by titration of these dyes using UV-visible spectrophotometry or direct colorimetric titration of the solution without prior separation.
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis by IR spectroscopy. Qualitative analysis of the major component of an essential oil, followed by quantitative analysis of benzoic acid.
Mathematics 3
🌐 See the official syllabus- Taylor expansions / Limited expansions.
- Numerical sequences.
- Numerical series.
- Power series.
Electromagnetism
🌐 See the official syllabus
Mathematical prerequisites
- Coordinate systems, operators, fundamental theorems.
Electrostatics
- Continuous charge distributions.
- Gauss's law.
- Conductor equilibrium.
- Electrostatic energy.
Magnetostatics
- Concepts of current density vector, intensity.
- Magnetic forces (experimental evidence, Laplace's law).
- Biot–Savart law (Calculation of the magnetic field created by a circuit).
- Vector potential.
- Magnetic energy (Work of the Laplace force, Maxwell's theorem).
- Concept of inductance.
Quasi-static approximation - Induction and applications
Introduction to Databases
🌐 See the official syllabus- Introduction to simple databases using Excel & DBMS.
- Relational Databases.
- Relational Model.
- Practical Work (TP) with ACCESS.
- Table Creation.
- Forms and Subforms.
- Queries and Reports.
- Design of View-Menus.
2022 - 2023 | Bachelor's Degree 2 - Semester 4
Thermodynamics of Chemical Systems 2
🌐 See the official syllabus- Free enthalpy (Gibbs free energy) and chemical potential.
- Reaction and formation properties (quantities).
- System evolution and chemical equilibrium.
- Liquid-Vapor equilibrium.
Wave Optics: Fundamentals
🌐 See the official syllabus
Wave description of light
- Limitations of geometrical optics.
- Huygens–Fresnel principle.
- Energy and illuminance.
- Optical path.
- Light ray.
Coherences
- Superposition of 2 waves.
- Conditions for observing interference.
- Contrast of an interference pattern.
- Temporal coherence.
- Conclusions.
Interference by wavefront division
- Young's double-slit experiment.
- Other experimental setups.
- Contrast of the interference pattern.
- Applications.
Interference by amplitude division
- Interference produced by parallel plane plates (thin films).
- Interference produced by plates of variable thickness (wedges).
- Applications.
From Particles to the Atom
🌐 See the official syllabus
The atomic hypothesis
- Early concepts of the atom.
- First atomic models.
- The nucleus.
- Elementary particles.
Historical introduction to Quantum Mechanics
- Photoelectric effect.
- De Broglie's hypotheses.
- Electron diffraction.
- Hydrogen emission spectrum.
The foundations of Quantum Mechanics
- Physical meaning of the wave associated with a moving particle.
- Construction of the matter wave function associated with a moving particle.
- Operators associated with physical quantities.
- Properties of operators.
- Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
- Schrödinger equation.
The Hydrogen Atom in Quantum Mechanics
- Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom.
- Derivation of radial solutions.
- Complete solutions.
- Electron spin.
- Solutions for hydrogen-like atoms (hydrogenic atoms).
Experimental Physics and Chemistry 4
🌐 See the official syllabus
Thermochemistry
- Demonstration of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a chemical reaction (ester).
- What methods can be used to shift a chemical equilibrium in the desired direction? (ester).
Chemical Analysis: Chromatography applied to analysis
- Quantitative analysis of caffeine using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
- Qualitative detection and quantification of limonene in citrus fruits using Gas Chromatography (GC).
Wave optics
- Diffraction of light and X-rays.
- Grating goniometer / spectrometer.
- Michelson interferometer.
- Spatial image filtering.
Organic Chemistry 2
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Theoretical Part
- Review of typical reactions of compounds according to their organic function: alkenes, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives, acids, and derivatives.
- Application of these reactions to multi-step syntheses of various organic compounds: flavors, pesticides, hormones, medicines, etc.
Experimental Part: Laboratory Work
- In-depth study of classic laboratory synthesis techniques, including: reflux setup, distillation, steam distillation, recrystallization, extraction, and gas traps.
- Advanced characterization techniques: TLC, melting point (Tf), IR, and refractive index (nD).
- Implementation of more precise analytical separation techniques: GC (Gas Chromatography) and HPLC analysis.
Wave Optics
- Light and X-ray diffraction.
- Grating goniometer.
- Michelson interferometer.
- Spatial filtering of images.
Chemical Bonding
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Review of polyelectronic atoms – Slater's model.
- Interactions of two atomic orbitals on two centers.
- Application to entities containing H or He (H2+, H2, HHe+).
- AH2 and AH molecules (introduction to the fragment method).
- Diatomic molecules A2 and AB.
- Introduction to the Hückel method for "simple" π systems.
Rigid Body Mechanics
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Theoretical Part
- Parameterization of a rigid body's position.
- Modeling of mechanisms.
- Position vectors.
- Velocity and acceleration of a point on a rigid body.
- Velocity and acceleration vector fields of points on a rigid body.
- Composition of motions.
- Planar motion (plane on plane).
- Kinetics of rigid bodies.
- Fundamental principle of rigid body dynamics.
Experimental Part: Laboratory Work
- Compound pendulum.
- Torsion pendulum.
- Rotational dynamics.
Analog Electronics
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Theoretical Part
- Transient Regime.
- Overview – definitions of regimes (forced/free, steady-state/transient).
- Transient regime in 1st order circuits: during the application and removal of a voltage step: study of variations in the quantities involved (voltages, currents) and generated power variations. Example with the series RL circuit.
- Transient regime in 2nd order circuits: study of variations in voltages and currents for different regimes (overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped). Example with the series RLC circuit.
- Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) in Linear Regime.
- Introduction and characteristics of the Op-Amp: linear regime characteristics, definition of steady-state gain, ideal operational amplifier, negative feedback loop.
- Study of Op-Amp circuits in linear regime: voltage follower, inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits, current-to-voltage and voltage-to-current converters, negative resistance circuit, integrator and differentiator circuits.
- Analog Filters.
- Review and definitions of the transfer function concept: review of linear systems, transfer function, real and asymptotic Bode plots.
- Different types of filters: filter families (high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, notch), active and passive filters, filter selectivity.
- Study of 1st and 2nd order passive filters: series RC, series CR, series RL with the concept of cutoff frequency.
- Series RCL, series RLC, series LCR with the introduction of the quality factor (Q factor) and resonance frequency.
- Study of 1st and 2nd order active filters: Op-Amp response in sinusoidal regime, 1st order active filters, active band-pass filter, examples with Rauch and Sallen-Key topologies.
- Introduction to Op-Amps in Non-Linear Regime.
- Review of Op-Amp characteristics.
- Simple comparator, comparator with hysteresis or bistable: inverting and non-inverting comparators.
Experimental Part: Laboratory Work
- Transient regimes and passive filters: study of a series RC circuit subjected to a voltage step and a sinusoidal voltage, 2nd order RLC circuit.
- Operational amplifier in linear regime: study of the inverting amplifier circuit, integrator circuit, and active filter setup.
Programming Basics 2
🌐 View Official Syllabus- File management: reading from and writing to files such as text, JSON, and CSV formats.
- Manipulating Python modules such as NumPy and BioPython (offering useful functionalities in Bioinformatics), as well as Matplotlib for chart generation.
- Performing statistical analysis on data from tables or lists.
- Creating your own object classes.
2024 - 2025 | Bachelor's Degree 3 - Semester 5
Electrochemistry: From Concepts to Applications
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Theoretical Part
- Thermodynamic study of electrolytes and then electrodes. Equilibrium potential of a metal immersed in solution.
- Kinetic study of electrolytes (electrical conduction properties) and electrodes: use of current-potential curves.
- Applications: electrolytic deposition of metals, charging and discharging of batteries and accumulators, corrosion and prevention.
Experimental Part: Laboratory Work
- Plotting current-potential curves.
- Electrolysis.
Statistical Tools
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Vocabulary and foundational concepts.
- Single-criterion statistics: tables, graphs, indicators, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing.
- Studying the relationship between two criteria: tables, graphs, indicators, simple linear regression, and testing.
Thermal Conduction
🌐 View Official Syllabus- Definitions and general equations of conductive heat transfer.
- Steady-state conduction (plane wall, cylinder, sphere).
- Transient conduction in thin bodies.
- Introduction to the numerical solution of the heat equation.
Thermodynamics of Materials
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Theoretical Part
- Processing of materials, specifically metals from terrestrial ores (primarily metal oxides). Use of Ellingham diagrams for this purpose. Case studies: zinc, aluminum, etc.
- Properties of alloys: study of solid-liquid binary phase diagrams. Application to metal purification and industrial alloys (soldering, welding, etc.).
- Adsorption properties of porous solids (Langmuir and BET isotherms).
Experimental Part: Laboratory Work
- Plotting an adsorption isotherm, selecting a theoretical model.
- Exploitation of experimental gas adsorption data, validation of a theoretical model (BET).
Fluid Mechanics 1
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Fluid Statics
- Description of a fluid.
- Pressure in a fluid.
- Law of fluid statics.
- Incompressible fluids.
- Compressible fluids: isothermal atmosphere model.
- Resultant of pressure forces on a surface.
- Archimedes' principle (buoyancy).
Fluid Kinematics
- Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions.
- Streamlines and stream tubes.
- Steady flow.
- Volumetric and mass flow rates.
- Mass balances in steady state.
- Incompressible/compressible and irrotational/rotational flow.
Laboratory Work
- Pressure force on a plane wall.
- Stability of a floating body.
Fluid Mechanics 2
🌐 View Official Syllabus
Mechanical Actions in a Fluid
- Inviscid (perfect) and viscous fluids.
- Euler equation.
- Navier-Stokes equation.
- Reynolds number and flow types.
- Major (regular) and minor (singular) head losses.
- Bernoulli's principle.
Macroscopic Balances
- Momentum balances.
- Energy balances.
Laboratory Work
- Subsonic wind tunnel – convergent and divergent duct.
- Action of a water jet on an obstacle.
Strength of Materials
🌐 View official syllabus
Review and Prerequisites for Strength of Materials
- Concept of elasticity, stresses, and strains (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional) – stress/strain tensor.
- Characteristics of studied materials: concepts of homogeneity, isotropy, linear elastic behavior.
- Relationship between stress/strain: generalized Hooke's law.
- Statics: characterization of a joint, kinematic degree, transmissible action tensor, small displacement tensor, fundamental principle of statics.
Introduction to Strength of Materials
- Assumptions for Strength of Materials: materials studied, small perturbation hypothesis, Saint-Venant's principle, Navier-Bernoulli hypothesis and its consequences.
- Boundary conditions: external forces, concentrated/distributed loads, different types of joints/supports.
Cohesion Forces – Internal Action Tensor
- Definition of the internal action tensor.
- Practical calculation of the cohesion tensor: from the equilibrium of the left section, from the equilibrium of the right section, reduction elements of the cohesion tensor, cantilever beam example.
Beam Cross-Section Characteristics
- Center of gravity of elementary and arbitrary shaped cross-sections.
- First moment of area of a section.
- Second moment of area (moment of inertia) of a section: area moment of inertia relative to two axes, polar moment of inertia, area moment of inertia relative to the center of gravity.
- Parallel axis theorem (Huygens' theorem).
Dimensioning Study
- Importance of dimensioning.
- Relationship between local stresses and cohesion forces: normal and shear stress.
Elementary Loading: Tension/Extension
- Definition: experimental testing
- Relationship between local stress and normal force, relationship between local stress/local strain and local displacement.
- Dimensioning criteria: stress and displacement criteria.
Elementary Loading: Bending
- Definition of simple bending: relationship between shear force and bending moment, relationship between stress and bending moment, deflection curve equation.
- Study of unsymmetrical bending and combined bending.
- Dimensioning criteria and dimensioning method.
Elementary Loading: Torsion
- Definition: experimental testing, principle, and result.
- Study of strains, stresses, relationship between local shear stress and twisting moment, relationship between local stress, strain, and rotation.
- Loading for non-circular cross-sections (elliptical and rectangular sections).
- Dimensioning criteria in simple torsion.
Continuum Mechanics
🌐 View official syllabus
Introduction
- What is a continuous medium?
- Why study continuum mechanics?
Kinematics and Concept of Strain
- Kinematics of continuous media.
- Concept of strain.
Internal Forces and Concept of Stress
- Modeling of external forces and fundamental principle of statics.
- Modeling of internal forces and concept of stress.
Mohr's Circle
- Demonstration.
- Practical construction of the circle in 2D.
- Three-dimensional case.
Linear Elasticity
- Constitutive equations.
- Summary of equations.
- Solving an elastostatic problem under small perturbations.
Elastic Criteria for Dimensioning
- Rankine criterion.
- Tresca criterion.
2024 - 2025 | Bachelor's Degree 3 - Semester 6
Environmental Analysis
🌐 View official syllabus- Determining the quality of natural waters based on the evaluation of:
- Global physico-chemical parameters (conductivity, total dry extract).
- Concentrations of suspended solids in natural or waste water, dissolved atmospheric gases (notably O2 and CO2), essential elements of natural or drinking water, analyzed in particular by alkalimetric (TA, TAC) and hydrotimetric (TH / water hardness) titles.
- Carbonate hardness equilibria.
Microscopic Thermodynamics
🌐 View official syllabus
Introduction
- The different scales of study.
- Fluctuations.
- Thermodynamic equilibrium and ergodicity.
Kinetic Theory of Gases Applied to Ideal Gases
- Ideal Gas (IG) model and statistical assumptions.
- Ideal gas pressure.
- Internal energy of ideal gases and temperature.
Velocity Distribution and Energy Properties
- Velocity distribution.
- Boltzmann factor and internal energy.
- Internal energy of an ideal gas.
Microscopic Approach to Transport Phenomena
- Quantities of interest in transport phenomena.
- Transport of a property by molecules.
- Thermal diffusion: microscopic interpretation of conductivity.
- Gas viscosity.
- Molecular diffusion: microscopic interpretation of the diffusion coefficient.
- Analogy between transport phenomena.
Numerical Methods
🌐 View official syllabus
Introduction to PYTHON Language
- Elementary programming tools (lists, vectors, loops, tests, graphics).
Approximate Solution of Algebraic Equations
- Implementation of bisection (dichotomy) and Newton-Raphson methods.
- Error measurement and convergence rates.
Approximate Calculation of Integrals
- Implementation of rectangle and trapezoid methods, followed by generalization.
- Error measurement and convergence rates.
Approximate Solution of Differential Equations
- Implementation of Euler methods (explicit and implicit) and Runge-Kutta.
- Error measurement.
Approximate Solution of Partial Differential Equations
- Implementation of the finite difference method on various physical examples (steady-state and transient heat equation).
- Error measurement.
Radioactivity-Radiation Protection
🌐 View official syllabus
Atomic Nuclei and Radioactivity
- Nuclear stability: binding energy per nucleon.
- Emission of α particles, β- particles, β+ particles, γ photons; electron capture.
- Decay kinetics.
- Fission and fusion.
Interaction of Radiation with Matter
- Attenuation of γ-rays and X-rays: half-value layer.
- Measurement and detectors: particle counter.
- Biological effects of radiation exposure: characteristic quantities: absorbed dose; dose rate; dose equivalent and their units.
- Protection against exposure.
Thermal Radiation
🌐 View official syllabus
General Overview and Definitions
- Review of electromagnetic waves.
- Source of thermal radiation.
- Definitions.
During Radiation
- Black body.
- Radiation of real bodies.
- Radiation reception properties.
Energy Exchanges by Radiation Between Solid Bodies
- Emitted power.
- Absorbed power.
- Relationships between view factors (shape factors).
- Radiation energy transfers between gray and diffuse surfaces.
Thermal Convection
🌐 View official syllabus
General Overview and Definitions
- Different convective mechanisms.
- Newton's law of cooling.
- Temperature distribution in transient state.
- Biot number.
Boundary Layers
- Definition of different flow types.
- Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer theory.
- Velocity and temperature fields in boundary layers.
- Dimensionless analysis.
Forced Convection in Various Situations
Natural Convection and Introduction to Condensation Issues
Special Relativity
🌐 View official syllabus
Galilean Transformation
- Galilean principle of relativity.
- Frame of reference change in classical kinematics.
- Maxwell's equations.
Lorentz Special Transformation
- Principle of relativity.
- Relativity of time.
- Lorentz special transformation.
- Simultaneity.
- Interval between two events.
- Length contraction.
- Time dilation.
Relativistic Kinematics
- Velocity transformation.
- Acceleration transformation.
Relativistic Kinetics
- Principle of conservation of energy.
- Relativistic expression of kinetic energy.
- Conserved laws in collisions.
Soft Skills
Investigative mindset, logical and abstract reasoning, university self-discipline, phenomenological observation, experimental rigor, and holistic vision.